Narrative Tenses - это те времена, с помощью которых мы можем полноценно рассказать какую-либо историю. Обычно это все времена группы Past – Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous
Вспомним, как образуются эти времена и что означают:
Положительное предложение | |
I cooked | We cooked |
You cooked | They cooked |
He/she/it cooked |
Единичное действие в прошлом — He died in 1895
Повторяющееся действие в прошлом — Betty phoned her family every day when she was in Rome
Последовательность действий в прошлом — I woke up, brushed my teeth and went to the office
Положительное предложение | |
I was cooking | We were cooking |
You were cooking | They were cooking |
He/she/it was cooking |
Ситуация, которая продолжалась определенный период в прошлом — I was sleeping at 5 o’clock
Временные действия в прошлом — We were living in New York at that time (we don’t live there any more)
Ситуации, которые происходили одновременно — I was doing my homework while my sister was playing the piano
Фоновое действие или описание — It was a nice day: the sun was shining, the birds were singing
Положительное предложение | |
I had cooked | We had cooked |
You had cooked | They had cooked |
He/she/it had cooked |
Past Perfect показывает, что действие началось в прошлом и продолжалось до определенного момента в прошлом, перед тем как случилось какое-то другое действие. When I came home, my little sister had already eaten all the candies
Личный опыт (который обычно случился до какого-то значительного момента в прошлом) - By the time I graduated I had written a scientific paper
Положительное предложение | |
I had been cooking | We had been cooking |
You had been cooking | They had been cooking |
He/she/it had been cooking |
Действие, которое продолжалось в какой-то в момент прошлом, и имеет четкий результат – I had been revising for my exam for weeks, and finally I passed them with flying colours